鑄鐵平板鑄造方法選擇的原則
2015年07月20日
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泊頭市正創機械設備制造有限公司鑄鐵平板擁有30余年經驗的廠家，樣式多種，規格齊全，可訂做，按用戶要求制作！
1，要兼顧鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)平板鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)(de)度要求和(he)成(cheng)本各種鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)方法所獲(huo)得的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)度不同(tong)，初投資和(he)生產率也不一致，終的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益也有差異。因此，要做(zuo)到多、快(kuai)、好、省(sheng)， 應(ying)當(dang)兼顧到各個(ge)方面(mian)。應(ying)對(dui)所選用(yong)的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)方法進行初步的(de)(de)成(cheng)本估算，以確定(ding)經(jing)濟(ji)效益高(gao)又能保(bao)證鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)要求的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)方法。
2，鑄(zhu)鐵平板鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法應(ying)(ying)(ying)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)批(pi)(pi)量相適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，例如(ru)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，大(da)量生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的工廠(chang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)創造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)條件(jian)(jian)采(cai)(cai)用技術(shu)的造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)芯(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法。老式(shi)(shi)的震擊式(shi)(shi)或震壓式(shi)(shi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)率不(bu)夠高(gao)，工人勞動強度大(da)，噪(zao)聲大(da)，不(bu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)大(da)量生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的要(yao)求(qiu)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)逐步加以(yi)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。對于(yu)小型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，可以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用水平分(fen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或垂直分(fen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的無箱(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)壓造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)、實型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率又(you)高(gao)，占(zhan)地(di)面積也少；對于(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)可選用各種有箱(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)壓造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)、氣沖造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)線(xian)，以(yi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)快速、高(gao)度造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)的要(yao)求(qiu)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)芯(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法可選用：冷(leng)芯(xin)(xin)盒、熱芯(xin)(xin)盒、殼芯(xin)(xin)等(deng)制芯(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法。中(zhong)等(deng)批(pi)(pi)量的大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)可以(yi)考慮應(ying)(ying)(ying)用樹脂(zhi)自硬(ying)砂(sha)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)芯(xin)(xin)。單件(jian)(jian)小批(pi)(pi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的重型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，手工造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)仍是重要(yao)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，手工造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能適(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)各種復雜的要(yao)求(qiu)比(bi)較靈活，不(bu)要(yao)求(qiu)很多(duo)工藝裝備(bei)。批(pi)(pi)量生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)或長期生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的定型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品采(cai)(cai)用多(duo)箱(xiang)(xiang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、劈箱(xiang)(xiang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法比(bi)較適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜，雖然模具、砂(sha)箱(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)開始投資(zi)高(gao)，但可從節約(yue)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工時、提高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量方(fang)(fang)(fang)面得到補償。低壓鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、壓鑄(zhu)、離心鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)等(deng)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，因設備(bei)和模具的價格昂貴，所以(yi)只適(shi)(shi)(shi)合批(pi)(pi)量生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。
3，鑄鐵平板造型(xing)(xing)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)適(shi)合工廠條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，例(li)如同(tong)樣(yang)是生產(chan)(chan)大型(xing)(xing)機床(chuang)(chuang)床(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)等鑄件(jian)(jian)，一般(ban)采(cai)用組芯(xin)(xin)造型(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)，不制作(zuo)模(mo)樣(yang)和(he)砂(sha)箱，在(zai)地(di)坑中組芯(xin)(xin)；而另外(wai)的工廠則采(cai)用砂(sha)箱造型(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)，制作(zuo)模(mo)樣(yang)。不同(tong)的企業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(包括設備、場(chang)地(di)、員(yuan)工素質等)、生產(chan)(chan)習慣、所積累的經驗各不一樣(yang)，應(ying)該根據這些條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)考(kao)慮適(shi)合做(zuo)(zuo)什(shen)么產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)不適(shi)合(或不能)做(zuo)(zuo)什(shen)么產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。
4，優先采用(yong)(yong)砂型(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)據統計在全部鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵平板鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)產量中，60～70的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)砂型(xing)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)，而且其(qi)中70左(zuo)右(you)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)粘土砂型(xing)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)。主要原因是(shi)(shi)砂型(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)較之(zhi)其(qi)它(ta)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)方法成本(ben)低、生(sheng)產工藝簡(jian)單、生(sheng)產周期短。
一般來講，對于中、大(da)型鑄件，鑄鐵(tie)件可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)樹脂自硬砂型、鑄鋼件可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)水玻(bo)璃砂型來生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，可以(yi)(yi)獲(huo)得尺寸、表面光潔的(de)鑄件，但成(cheng)本較(jiao)高(gao)。當然，砂型鑄造(zao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)鑄件度、表面光潔度、材質的(de)密度和金相(xiang)組織、機械性(xing)能(neng)等(deng)(deng)方面往(wang)往(wang)較(jiao)差(cha)，所以(yi)(yi)當鑄件的(de)這些性(xing)能(neng)要求 高(gao)時，應(ying)該采用(yong)其它鑄造(zao)方法，例如熔模(mo)(失臘)鑄造(zao)、壓(ya)鑄、低壓(ya)鑄造(zao)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。
泊鑄機械(xie)量具廠鑄鐵(tie)平(ping)板完全按照 標準確(que)GB7947-1999《鑄鐵(tie)平(ping)板》級(ji)(ji)別分為0、1、2、3， 刨5個級(ji)(ji)別。其中2級(ji)(ji)以上為檢驗平(ping)板，3級(ji)(ji)為劃線平(ping)板或基(ji)礎平(ping)板。
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