鑄鐵平板鑄造方法選擇的原則
2015年07月20日
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泊頭市正創機械設備制造有限公司鑄鐵平板擁有30余年經驗的廠家，樣式多種，規格齊全，可訂做，按用戶要求制作！
1，要兼顧鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵平(ping)板鑄(zhu)(zhu)件的(de)度要求和成本各(ge)種鑄(zhu)(zhu)造方法所獲得的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件度不同(tong)，初投資和生產率也(ye)不一致，終的(de)經濟(ji)效益(yi)也(ye)有差異。因(yin)此，要做到多、快、好(hao)、省(sheng)， 應(ying)當兼顧到各(ge)個方面。應(ying)對所選用的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造方法進行初步的(de)成本估算，以確定經濟(ji)效益(yi)高(gao)又能保(bao)證鑄(zhu)(zhu)件要求的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造方法。
2，鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵平板鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)批(pi)量相適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)，例如砂(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，大(da)量生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的工(gong)廠應(ying)(ying)創造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)條(tiao)件采用技(ji)術的造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)芯(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。老式(shi)的震(zhen)擊(ji)式(shi)或震(zhen)壓式(shi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率不(bu)夠(gou)高，工(gong)人(ren)勞動強度大(da)，噪聲大(da)，不(bu)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)大(da)量生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的要(yao)求(qiu)，應(ying)(ying)逐步加以改造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。對于小型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件，可(ke)(ke)以采用水平分(fen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或垂直分(fen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的無(wu)箱(xiang)高壓造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線、實型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率又高，占地面積也少；對于鑄(zhu)(zhu)件可(ke)(ke)選用各(ge)種有箱(xiang)高壓造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線、氣(qi)沖造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)線，以適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)快速、高度造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線的要(yao)求(qiu)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)芯(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)選用：冷芯(xin)(xin)盒、熱芯(xin)(xin)盒、殼芯(xin)(xin)等(deng)制芯(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。中(zhong)等(deng)批(pi)量的大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件可(ke)(ke)以考慮(lv)應(ying)(ying)用樹脂自硬砂(sha)(sha)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)芯(xin)(xin)。單件小批(pi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的重型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件，手工(gong)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)仍是重要(yao)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，手工(gong)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)各(ge)種復雜的要(yao)求(qiu)比(bi)較靈活，不(bu)要(yao)求(qiu)很多工(gong)藝(yi)裝(zhuang)備。批(pi)量生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)或長(chang)期生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的定型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)品采用多箱(xiang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、劈(pi)箱(xiang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)比(bi)較適(shi)(shi)宜，雖(sui)然模具(ju)、砂(sha)(sha)箱(xiang)等(deng)開始投資高，但(dan)可(ke)(ke)從節約造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)時(shi)、提高產(chan)(chan)品質量方(fang)(fang)(fang)面得到(dao)補償。低壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)、離心鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)等(deng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，因設備和(he)模具(ju)的價格昂貴(gui)，所以只(zhi)適(shi)(shi)合(he)批(pi)量生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。
3，鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平板造(zao)型方法應(ying)(ying)適合工(gong)廠條(tiao)件，例如同樣(yang)是生(sheng)產(chan)大型機床(chuang)床(chuang)身(shen)等鑄(zhu)件，一(yi)般采用(yong)組(zu)(zu)芯造(zao)型法，不制作模樣(yang)和砂(sha)箱，在地坑中組(zu)(zu)芯；而(er)另外的(de)工(gong)廠則采用(yong)砂(sha)箱造(zao)型法，制作模樣(yang)。不同的(de)企業生(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件(包括設備、場地、員(yuan)工(gong)素(su)質等)、生(sheng)產(chan)習(xi)慣、所積累的(de)經驗各不一(yi)樣(yang)，應(ying)(ying)該根據這(zhe)些條(tiao)件考(kao)慮適合做什(shen)么產(chan)品(pin)和不適合(或(huo)不能)做什(shen)么產(chan)品(pin)。
4，優先采用砂型(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造據統計在全部(bu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵平板(ban)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)產(chan)量中，60～70的鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)是(shi)用砂型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的，而且其(qi)中70左右(you)是(shi)用粘土砂型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的。主(zhu)要原因(yin)是(shi)砂型(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造較之其(qi)它(ta)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造方法成本低、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝簡單、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)周期短(duan)。
一般來(lai)講，對于中、大型(xing)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，鑄(zhu)鐵件(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)樹脂自硬(ying)砂(sha)型(xing)、鑄(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)玻璃砂(sha)型(xing)來(lai)生產，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)獲得(de)尺寸、表(biao)面光潔的(de)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，但(dan)成本較(jiao)高。當(dang)然，砂(sha)型(xing)鑄(zhu)造生產的(de)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)度、表(biao)面光潔度、材質的(de)密度和金相(xiang)組織(zhi)、機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)方面往(wang)往(wang)較(jiao)差，所以(yi)當(dang)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)這些性(xing)(xing)能(neng)要(yao)求 高時，應該采(cai)用(yong)(yong)其它鑄(zhu)造方法，例(li)如熔模(失臘)鑄(zhu)造、壓(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)、低壓(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)造等(deng)等(deng)。
泊鑄機(ji)械量(liang)具廠鑄鐵(tie)平板(ban)完全(quan)按照 標準確GB7947-1999《鑄鐵(tie)平板(ban)》級(ji)(ji)別分為0、1、2、3， 刨5個級(ji)(ji)別。其(qi)中(zhong)2級(ji)(ji)以(yi)上為檢驗(yan)平板(ban)，3級(ji)(ji)為劃線平板(ban)或(huo)基礎平板(ban)。
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